Exclusive: Banks did not do enough to police FIFA transactions, says global agency

LONDON/ST. LOUIS | By Mark Hosenball and Brett Wolf

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The logo of soccer's international governing body FIFA is seen on its headquarters in Zurich October 3, 2013.

Reuters/Arnd Wiegmann

LONDON/ST. LOUIS A global group of government anti-money-laundering agencies said that financial institutions have not done enough to police suspicious financial activity by officials at soccer's global governing body FIFA, and cautioned banks to step up scrutiny.The warning from the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force came in the wake of last month's indictment by the United States of nine current and former FIFA officials and five business executives on a series of corruption charges, including bribery, money laundering and wire fraud.
    With the U.S. investigation continuing to widen, and a separate Swiss probe gearing up into whether there was corruption involved in FIFA's awarding of the hosting rights to Russia and Qatar for the next soccer World Cups in 2018 and 2022, the warning will add to banks' concern about handling certain soccer accounts for organizations and individuals.
Some European and U.S. banks had already stepped up scrutiny of FIFA-related accounts and at least one said it had stopped handling FIFA business for some time because of corruption allegations.
In a statement, that has now been removed from the agency's website, FATF said "recent reports about alleged corruption and money laundering activities on a large scale by several high-ranking FIFA officials underscore how important it is that financial institutions identify and monitor high-risk customers."
    It said that financial institutions "do not appear to have given a sufficient amount of scrutiny to the financial activities of the officials concerned, as many of these allegedly corruption-related transfers passed through the international financial system undetected."
FATF, whose members include the U.S., China, Brazil, Switzerland and many other European countries, said that an "ongoing public debate about the integrity of an entity should raise flags to financial institutions. As a result they should treat customers that are related to that entity as high risk customers."
Reuters was told about the statement, which appears to be dated June 16, by a European official with knowledge of the FIFA case. It can be found through a Google search but is no longer accessible through the FATF website.
FATF President Roger Wilkins told Reuters that he had taken the decision to remove the statement from the agency's website over concerns about its phrasing and a lack of concrete evidence to support the claims.
"We don't want to interfere with ongoing investigations and the way it's phrased could be misconstrued," he said, speaking by telephone from Brisbane where FATF is meeting.
"We don't have any direct evidence that financial institutions have done necessarily anything wrong or failed to do anything in relation to these things."

NARCOTICS CONTROL REPORT
While the indictments were only issued on May 27, for many years there has been widespread media coverage of alleged corruption at FIFA and its regional affiliates, including several books published on the question in the past nine years. There had also been news reports about the FBI probe.
One question being asked in U.S. banking circles is whether banks are acting quickly enough to flag activity once they have had subpoenas for information about an account from the authorities, said one source close to the industry.
Also in March, in a routine report on narcotics control that was little noticed at the time, the U.S. State Department expressed concern about how loopholes in Swiss law which affected FIFA had created potential for corruption and money laundering. The report is commonly used by U.S. banks to assess the risks associated with foreign customers and correspondent banks.
    "Sports associations like the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) or the  International Olympic Committee are not businesses but associations. They do not pay taxes and, as associations, are exempt from the Swiss anti-corruption legal framework," the State Department said in the report. "The exception provided to these entities makes them more vulnerable to money laundering activity. The government should consider efforts to change applicable laws with respect to these organizations, many of which are suspected of corruption," it said in reference to the Swiss government.
Despite all the warning signs, the indictment outlines dozens of questionable transactions that banks in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere allowed to go through, many of them in the past few years. In the indictment, U.S. prosecutors say that the defendants and their co-conspirators relied heavily on the U.S. banking system to promote and conceal their schemes.
    The acting U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Kelly T. Currie, told a news conference when the indictments were announced on May 27 that bank actions would be reviewed to see if they knowingly facilitated bribes. The banks concerned have not been accused of wrongdoing.

EARLIER WARNINGS
Still, some bank officials said they were concerned about how much is being asked of them.
From the bank perspective, bribery and corruption payments "are hard to find and follow" because "they often, but not always look like legitimate business," said a senior compliance officer at a large U.S. bank.
"We're doing what we do with all matters like this, looking at the data we have — which is not complete in the context of a bribe — and working with law enforcement to try to sort it out," the source said.
One compliance officer at a British bank asked: "What, am I supposed to research? Who the marketing guy is at each shoe company who makes decisions about promotions tied to players and then watch his account to see if he receives an extra $50,000? Where does it stop?"
Spokespeople for the four biggest U.S. banks JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Bank of America and Citigroup all declined to comment on the FATF statement, as did HSBC Holdings in London.
FATF has expressed concern in the past about soccer being a vehicle for money laundering. In 2012, the group issued a warning that as the sport grew, "the investment of money into the sector has increased exponentially, and some of this has criminal connections."
    "Despite the rapid growth and high-visibility of the football sector, however, football's regulatory structure has not yet caught up with these changes," FATF warned then.
    Earlier, in July 2009, FATF issued a 40-page paper entitled "Money Laundering through the Football Sector". The document said that soccer faced numerous vulnerabilities to money laundering, including a lack of professional management at various levels.
    FATF said that it would be discussing the issue at its meeting in Brisbane, including "whether any further standards or guidance are necessary or whether the current standards are adequate if properly applied."
    The involvement of anti-money-laundering monitors in current investigations of FIFA corruption was highlighted last week by Michael Lauber, attorney general of Switzerland.
    Lauber, who announced his FIFA investigation on the same day that U.S. authorities revealed the indictments, told a news conference in Berne last week that his investigators were examining sets of suspicious transactions related to FIFA.
He said that these transactions included 104 banking relationships, some of which involved multiple accounts, as well as 53 suspicious transactions which had been flagged by Swiss financial institutions to Switzerland's anti-money laundering agency, known as the  financial intelligence unit.